
Guhitamo iburyoimashini yimashiniigira uruhare runini mugukora neza. Izi mashini ningirakamaro mu nganda nko gucukura no kubaka, aho zirikuzamura umusaruro mukumena ibikoresho binini. Ibintu by'ingenzi, nk'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'ibishushanyo mbonera, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere no kwizerwa. Kurugero, imashini zifite hydraulic drives hamwe nabakoresha-kugenzura kugenzura birashobora kongera umusaruro no kugabanya igihe. Byongeye kandi, gusobanukirwa bitandukanyeibice by'urwasaya, harimoumusaya wambara ibice, ni ngombwa mu kubungabunga no kuramba. Guhindagurika mubirango na moderi, nkubunini bwibiryo no kugenda, birusheho kugira ingaruka kumikorere yimashini zogosha, mugihe hanarebwa akamaro kaibice bya rutarenacone crusher ibicekugirango bigerweho muri rusange.
Ibyingenzi
- Guhitamo umusaya wiburyobyongera imikorere ikora. Wibande kumiterere nko guhonyora ubushobozi hamwe nogushobora guhuza ibyo ukeneye byihariye.
- Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nkaicyuma kinini cya manganese, kunoza igihe kirekire no kubaho. Hitamo imashini zubatswe nibikoresho bikomeye kugirango ugabanye kwambara.
- Kubungabunga buri gihe ni ngombwa kubikorwa. Teganya igenzura kandi ugumane ibice byabigenewe byoroshye kugirango ugabanye igihe cyo gukora no gusana.
- Gusobanukirwa ubushobozi bwo guhonyora no kugabanya bifasha muguhitamo imashini ibereye. Menya neza ko icyitegererezo gihuye n'intego zawe z'umusaruro kubisubizo byiza.
- Inkunga nyuma yo kugurisha, harimo garanti n'amahugurwa, ni ngombwa. Sisitemu ikomeye yo gushyigikira yongerera agaciro imashini kandi igakora neza.
Gushushanya no Kubaka Ubwiza bwimashini ya Jaw Crusher

Uwitekagushushanya no kubaka ubuziranengey'imashini ya crusher yimashini igira uruhare runini mubikorwa byayo no kuramba. Ababikora bashira imbere gukoresha ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge kugirango bongere igihe kirekire. Kurugero, ibyuma bya manganese birebire birashobora gutanga igihe cyo kubaho30-50%ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe. Ihitamo ryibikoresho ntabwo ryongera gusa kuramba ahubwo riremeza ko imashini zishobora kwihanganira ubukana bwo gukoresha cyane.
Ibikoresho Byakoreshejwe
Abakora inganda zo hejuru bibanda kuriguhanga udushya mubishushanyo mbonera. Bashora mubushakashatsi niterambere kugirango bakore ikoranabuhanga niterambere. Iyi mihigo iganisha kumashini yimashini ikora neza kandi yizewe. Gukomera no gukuramo ibikoresho by'ibiryo nabyo bigira uruhare runini mubipimo byimyambarire, bigira ingaruka kumibereho yibikoresho. Igenzura risanzwe rishobora kongera igice cyubuzima kugera kuri 30%, byongera ubuzima muri rusange binyuze mubikorwa byo kubungabunga.
Ubunyangamugayo
Inyangamugayo zubaka ningirakamaro kugirango intsinzi yimikorere ya mashini ya crusher. Amakadiri akomeye kandi yakozwe neza arinda guhindagurika munsi yimitwaro iremereye. Iyi miterere iremeza ko imashini zigumana imikorere yazo mugihe. Gukoresha ibice birwanya kwambara birashobora kugabanya abasimbuye 35%, kugabanya igihe cyo gukora no kongera igihe cyo gukora. Imikoranire hagati yamasahani nuduce duto biganisha ku kwambara gukomeye, bishobora kugabanya imikorere no kongera ingufu zikoreshwa.
Ibiranga ibintu byoroshye
Ibintu byoroshye ni ngombwa mu nganda nyinshi. Imashini yikurura yimashini itwara ubwikorezi bworoshye hagati yakazi. Ihinduka rishobora kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ibiciro byakazi. Abakora Elite batanga ibintu byinshi bya crusher zijyanye nimirimo itandukanye, byerekana ko basobanukiwe nibyifuzo bitandukanye byamasoko. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ikomeye yo gushyigikira, harimo kubona byihuse ibice byabigenewe no kubitaho, ni ngombwa mu kugabanya igihe cyo gutaha.
Imikorere Ibipimo bya Jaw Crusher Imashini

Ibipimo by'imikoreregira uruhare runini mugusuzuma imashini zogosha. Ibipimo bifasha abakoresha gusobanukirwa nuburyo imashini ishobora gukora mubikorwa bitandukanye. Ibice bitatu by'ingenzi byerekana ibipimo birimo ubushobozi bwo guhonyora, igipimo cyo kugabanya, no gukoresha ingufu.
Kumenagura Ubushobozi
Ubushobozi bwo kumenagura bivuga ubwinshi bwibikoresho umusaya ushobora gutunganya mugihe runaka. Iyi metric ningirakamaro muguhitamo imashini ikwiranye nimirimo yihariye. Moderi zitandukanye zerekana ubushobozi butandukanye ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyibikorwa.
Dore imbonerahamwe yerekana ubushobozi bwo guhonyora moderi zizwi cyane zasunika:
| Icyitegererezo | Ingano yinjiza | Ubushobozi (tph) | Porogaramu |
|---|---|---|---|
| C6X | 0-1280mm | 80-1510TPH | Ubucukuzi bunini, imishinga remezo |
| C5X Urukurikirane | 0-920mm | 70-870TPH | Hagati kubikorwa binini |
| PEW | 80-1510TPH | 15-500TPH | Ubucukuzi buciriritse buciriritse, umusaruro rusange |
| Urutonde rwa PE | 0-1020mm | 45-900TPH | Ibikorwa bito n'ibiciriritse |

Benshiibintu bigira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo guhonyora, harimo:
- Igishushanyo mbonera: Moderi zitandukanye, nkubwoko bwa Dodge na Blake, zifite ibishushanyo byihariye bigira ingaruka kubushobozi.
- Inguni hagati y'urwasaya: Kugabanuka kwinguni birashobora kugabanya ubukana bwurutare, bigira ingaruka kubushobozi.
- Umuvuduko wo gukora: Guhindagurika mumuvuduko birashobora guhindura ubushobozi, hamwe ningaruka zitandukanye kumuvuduko mwinshi kandi mwinshi.
- Imiterere y'urwasaya: Imyambarire n'imiterere y'urwasaya birashobora guhindura imikorere yo guhonyora.
- Amplitude yo kugenda: Amplitude nini irashobora gutuma habaho kwiyongera byihuse muri tonnage ya tonnage, bigira ingaruka kumusaruro nyirizina.
- Ubusugire bw'urwasaya: Kwiyongera gukabije birashobora kugabanya umwanya wimurwa, bigira ingaruka kubushobozi.
Ikigereranyo cyo Kugabanya
Ikigereranyo cyo kugabanya gipima uburyo urusyo rugabanya ubunini bwibikoresho byinjira. Iri gereranya ningirakamaro mugusobanukirwa imikorere yimikorere. Urusenda rukora hejuru cyane rushobora kugera aigipimo cyo kugabanuka kiri hagati ya 6: 1 kugeza 8: 1kubisunika byibanze, 3: 1 kugeza 5: 1 kubisunika byisumbuye, na 2: 1 kugeza 3: 1 kubisunika.
Ikigereranyo cyo kugabanuka kigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya jawers yameneka muguhitamo ingano y'ibisohoka n'ubushobozi bwo gukora. Icyumba cyagaburiwe na choke cyongera ubushobozi bwo gukora kandi kigatanga ubunini buke. Ibinyuranye, urugereko rutaruhije rushobora gutuma imikorere igabanuka kandi imiterere mibi.
- Icyumba cyagaburiwe na choke cyongerera ubushobozi umusarurokandi itanga ibice bimwe byacitse.
- Urugereko rutaruhije rushobora kugabanya imikorere kandi rukagira ingaruka mbi kumiterere.
Choke kugaburira umusaya ni ngombwa kurikongera ubushobozi bwo gukorano kwemeza ibice bimwe. Ibinyuranye, kugaburira amatiku birashobora gutuma umuntu acibwa amande make ariko bikagira ingaruka mbi kumiterere yibice hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwinjiza, amaherezo bikabangamira imikorere.
Ingufu
Ingufu zingirakamaro nigipimo cyingenzi cyimashini zimashini. Iterambere rigezweho ryibanda ku gukoresha ingufu mu gukomeza imikorere myiza. Udushya twibanze harimo:
- Sisitemu ihuriweho na sisitemu itezimbere ikoreshwa ryingufu.
- Guhindura ibipimo bigabanya kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa.
- Kwibanda ku buryo burambye mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
Kurugero, imashini ya Hybrid ya RM Group igera ku gipimo cya 25% kugiciro cya lisansi ugereranije nicyitegererezo gakondo. Kuzigama lisansi birashobora kugera kuri 50% mugihe uhujwe na ecran ya Hybrid.
Iterambere rya vuba kandi ririmo:
- Hydraulic wedge igenamiterere kugirango byoroshye guhinduka.
- Imbaraga zikomeye moteri nyamukuru.
- Kongera umutekano hamwe nibikorwa biranga.
Imashini zigezweho zigezweho, nka C6X, zagenewe kunoza imikoreshereze yingufu. Udushya mubishushanyo biganisha ku kunoza imikorere mugutunganya hamwe.
Dore imbonerahamwe igereranya igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu muburyo bukunzwe bwa jaw crusher:
| Imbaraga Zikomeretsa (MPa) | Gukoresha Ingufu (Bifitanye isano) |
|---|---|
| 28 | 1 |
| 90 | 4 |
Iterambere rigira uruhareyagabanije ibirenge bya karuboneno guhuza no gushimangira amabwiriza arambye mu nganda.
Porogaramu Ikwiranye na Jaw Crusher Imashini
Imashini ya crusher imashini nziza cyanemubisabwa bitandukanye bitewe nuburyo bwinshi kandi bukora neza. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwibikoresho batunganya, inganda zabo zihariye, hamwe nubunini bwazo kandi byoroshye birashobora gufasha abakoresha gufata ibyemezo byuzuye.
Ubwoko bwibikoresho byatunganijwe
Imisaya yo mu rwasaya ikora ibikoresho byinshi, bigatuma ibera inganda zitandukanye. Nk’uko raporo z’inganda zibitangaza, ibikoresho bikunze gutunganywa birimo:
| Umurenge | Ibikoresho Bitunganijwe Mubisanzwe | Umugabane w'isoko (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro | Amabuye y'icyuma, amakara, umuringa, ibikoresho bitwara zahabu | 68 |
| Ubwubatsi | Igiteranyo, amabuye, imyanda yo gusenya | 22 |
Uwitekaimikorere yimisayabiratandukanye ukurikije ubukana bwibikoresho. Kurugero, ibikoresho bikomeye nka granite (Mohs gukomera kwa 7) bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo kumenagura. Ibi biganisha kumurongo muto ugereranije nibikoresho byoroshye, nka beto (Mohs gukomera kwa 5). Hano hari ubushishozi kubyerekeye gukomera kubintu:
- Ibikoresho bikomeye bisaba ingufu nyinshi, bikavamo ibicuruzwa bike.
- Kumenagura granite irashobora gutanga umusaruro hafiToni 10 mu isaha (TPH).
- Ibikoresho byoroshye nka beto birashobora kugera kuri 50 TPH mubihe bisa.
- Gusobanukirwa igipimo cya Mohs ningirakamaro mugereranya ibicuruzwa byinjira no gutezimbere imikorere.
Inganda-Zidasanzwe Porogaramu
Imashini ya crusher yimashini ikora inganda zitandukanye, buri kimwe gifite ibisabwa byihariye. HanoPorogaramu y'ibanze:
- Inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro: Urusenda rujanjagura amabuye manini mo uduce duto, gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro nk'icyuma, umuringa, zahabu, na feza.
- Inganda: Bamenagura amabuye, beto, na asfalt kubikorwa byubwubatsi.
- Inganda zubaka: Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugutunganya ibikoresho nka beto na asfalt yo kubaka umuhanda no kubaka imishinga.
- Inganda zongera gukoreshwa: Ifite akamaro ko kumenagura ibikoresho bitandukanye, birimo ibirahuri, plastike, ibyuma, nimpapuro, cyane cyane mugutunganya ibikoresho bigoye nkimyanda ya elegitoroniki.
Inganda zitandukanye zifite umwiharikoibisabwa. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make ibyo bikenewe:
| Inganda | Ibisabwa | Imikorere y'ingenzi |
|---|---|---|
| Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro | Kumenagura byibanze ibikoresho bikomeye kandi byangiza, kugabanya ubunini bwamabuye yo gutunganya | Gukuramo amabuye, gutunganya ibikoresho, umusaruro rusange, icyitegererezo cya geologiya, umutekano n'umusaruro |
| Ubwubatsi | Kumenagura beto, amatafari, amabuye, nibindi bikoresho byo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo | Gusenya, kubaka umuhanda, imirimo y'ifatizo, gutunganya, gutunganya ikibanza, gutunganya ibikoresho |
| Gusubiramo | Kumenagura no kugabanya ibikoresho nka beto na asfalt muburyo bukoreshwa | Ibikorwa byo gutunganya, kugabanya imyanda, kubungabunga umutungo |
Ubunini no guhinduka
Ubunini nubworoherane nibintu byingenzi biranga imashini yimashini. Bahuza nubunini butandukanye bukora nibikorwa bikenewe. Urwasaya rwagati rusanzwe rufite ubushobozi butandukanye200 kugeza 500 tph, kubikora bibereye mubisabwa nka kariyeri na recycling. Urusenda runini rushobora kurenga 500 tph, hamwe na moderi zimwe zitunganya kugeza tph 1.500, nibyiza kubikorwa biremereye. Ibintu bigira ingaruka mubushobozi harimo:
- Ingano ya Crusher
- Ingano yo kugaburira
- Ibiranga ibintu
- Ibipimo bikora
- Umuvuduko wo gukora
- Ibirungo byuzuye
Imiterere ihindagurika yongerera ubushobozi bwo guhindura imishinga ikenewe. Kurugero, guhinduranya gusohora gufungura kwemerera kugenzura ingano yasohotse. Ubu bushobozi butuma habaho umusaruro wibice byombi kandi byoroshye. Dore incamake yibintu byoroshye:
| Ikiranga | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Guhinduka mubisohoka mubunini | Gufunga uruhande rufunze (CSS) rushobora guhinduka kugirango uhindure ubunini bwibisohoka kubikenerwa bitandukanye. |
| Guhindagurika | Bikwiranye nimirimo kuva kumena amabuye manini kugeza kubyara amabuye meza. |
Imisaya yo mu rwasaya izwiho gukora neza no guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, bigatuma bahitamo neza mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhindura imishinga ikenewe.
Kubungabunga Ibitekerezo bya Jaw Crusher Imashini
Kubungabunga imashini zisyani ngombwa kugirango barebe kuramba no gukora. Uburyo bwiza bwo gufata neza burashobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyateganijwe no kongera umusaruro.
Kuborohereza Kubungabunga
Kuborohereza kubungabunga bigira ingaruka itaziguye igiciro cyose cyo gutunga umusaya. Kubungabunga buri gihe bifasha gukumira gusana bihenze kandi bigatuma imashini zikora neza. Abakoresha bakunze guhura nibibazo, nka:
- Urusaku rudasanzwe mugihe cyo gukora, byerekana ibice bidakabije cyangwa ibice byambarwa.
- Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhonyora, biganisha ku kugabanuka k'umusaruro.
- Kunyeganyega gukabije bigira ingaruka ku gutuza no gutera kwambara igihe kitaragera.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga bushobora kugabanya ibyo bibazo. Abakoresha bagomba gushyira imbere uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera mubice byimbere. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana kokugeza 40% yigihe cyo kubungabungairashobora gukoreshwa mugusenya no guteranya. Kworoshya iyi nzira birashobora kuganisha ku kuzigama igihe kinini.
Kuboneka Ibice Byibikoresho
Uwitekakuboneka kw'ibicuruzwani ikindi kintu gikomeye mukubungabunga urusyo. Kubona byihuse ibice bisimburwa byemeza igihe gito. Dore incamake y'ibice byabigenewe biboneka kubirango bikomeye:
| Ikirango | Kuboneka Ibice Byibikoresho |
|---|---|
| Terex | Umusimbuzi mushya Jaw Crusher Wambara Ibice birahari |
| Sandvik | Umusimbuzi mushya Jaw Crusher Wambara Ibice birahari |
| Amashanyarazi | Umusimbuzi mushya Jaw Crusher Wambara Ibice birahari |
| Inyeshyamba | Umusimbuzi mushya Jaw Crusher Wambara Ibice birahari |
| Extec | Umusimbuzi mushya Jaw Crusher Wambara Ibice birahari |
| Kurangiza | Umusimbuzi mushya Jaw Crusher Wambara Ibice birahari |
Ibicuruzwa nka GTEK Mining nabyo bitanga ibice byubatswe mubuzima burebure bwa serivisi, byemeza ko abashoramari bashobora kubona ibice byo kwambara buri munsi cyangwa gusenyuka gutunguranye.
Amafaranga yo gufata neza
Amafaranga yo gufata neza arashobora gutandukana cyanehirya no hino mubikorwa bitandukanye. Dore kugereranya ibiciro bisanzwe byo kubungabunga ukurikije ubwoko bwa porogaramu:
| Ubwoko bwa Porogaramu | Igiciro gisanzwe cyo kugura | Amafaranga yo gufata neza |
|---|---|---|
| Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kandi buremereye | $$$$ | Guciriritse Kuri Hejuru |
| Igiteranyo rusange | $$$ | Guciriritse |
| Ubwubatsi buto | $$ | Hasi |
Buri mwaka amafaranga yo gufata neza umusaya usanzwe uri hagati ya $ 15,000 na $ 25.000 kuri buri gice. Ibi biciro biterwa nimbaraga zikoreshwa hamwe nibidukikije. Mugusobanukirwa nibi bintu, abashoramari barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye byongera imikorere nubwizerwe bwimashini zabo zisya.
Nyuma yo kugurisha Inkunga ya Jaw Crusher
Nyuma yo kugura umusaya,inkunga nyuma yo kugurisha iba ingenzikugirango yongere agaciro kayo. Sisitemu ikomeye yo gushyigikira irashobora kuzamura cyane imikorere kandi ikanezeza igihe kirekire.
Garanti n'amasezerano ya serivisi
Abashoramari bambere bayobora urwasaya rusanzwe batangagaranti ikomeye n'amasezerano ya serivisi. Aya masezerano atanga amahoro yo mu mutima no kurinda ishoramari. Dore incamake yamagambo asanzwe ya garanti:
| Icyerekezo | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Igihe cya garanti | Imyaka ibiri uhereye umunsi yatangiriye gutangira. |
| Igipfukisho | Ibikoresho bishya byo gusimbuza no gusana niba atari ibyangijwe n'abantu. |
| Inkunga ya tekiniki | Ubuzima bwa tekinike yubuntu yatanzwe. |
| Igihe cyo gusubiza | Ibibazo byabakiriya byakemuwe mumasaha 24, byakemuwe mumasaha 72. |
Izi garanti zigaragaza ikizere cyabakora ibicuruzwa byabo. Bemeza kandi ko abakiriya bahabwa ubufasha mugihe gikenewe.
Inkunga y'abakiriya irahari
Inkunga y'abakiriya iboneka ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi. Abakora isonga batanga amatsinda yihariye yo gufasha abakoresha. Ibisubizo byihuse kubibazo birashobora kugabanya igihe cyateganijwe no kongera umusaruro. Ibigo byinshi bitanga imiyoboro myinshi yo gushyigikirwa, harimo terefone, imeri, hamwe no kuganira neza. Uku kuboneka kwemeza ko abashoramari bashobora gukemura ibibazo neza, bikabemerera kwibanda kubikorwa byabo byingenzi.
Amahugurwa n'umutungo
Gahunda zamahugurwa zitangwa nababikora zifite uruhare runini mugukoresha neza imashini zogosha.Abakozi batojwe neza barashobora gukemura ibibazo neza. Dore inyungu zingenzi zizi gahunda zamahugurwa:
- Amahugurwa ya Operator ni ngombwa mugukoresha ibikoresho byiza.
- Amasomo asanzwe yo kuvugurura atuma abashoramari bavugururwa kubijyanye nikoranabuhanga nibikorwa byumutekano.
- Amahugurwa agenewe imashini yihariye nakazi kakazi.
Izi porogaramu zigabanya amakosa kandi zitezimbere umutekano wakazi. Bongera kandi ibikoresho kuramba mugukoresha neza. Abakoresha biga gukemura ibibazo byibanze kurubuga, bakakira ibitekerezo byihuse bifasha guhindura imikorere yimashini. Gushora imari mumahugurwa ntabwo byongera umusaruro gusa ahubwo binateza imbere umuco wumutekano no gukora neza.
Muncamake, guhitamo imashini yimisaya iburyo bikubiyemo gusobanukirwa ibintu byinshi byingenzi. Ibintu by'ingenzi birimoubushobozi bwo guhonyora, ingano yo kugaburira, guhuza ibisohoka, hamwe na portable. Ibi biranga bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere no gutanga umusaruro muri rusange.
Suzuma ibi bintu mugihe ugura:
- Kumenagura Ubushobozi: Menya neza ko ihuza n'intego z'umusaruro.
- Kugaburira Ingano: Huza imashini nubunini bwibikoresho byawe.
- Guhindura: Reba igenamiterere ryemerera kugenzura ingano y'ibisohoka.
- Birashoboka: Hitamo ukurikije ibisabwa kurubuga kandi byoroshye.
Mugushira imbere ibyo biranga, abakoresha barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bijyanye nibyo bakeneye.Kwiga neza, nk'umushinga wo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro yo muri Afrika yepfo hamwe n’uruganda rwa granite ya Uganda, byerekana ibyiza byo guhitamo imashini zishingiye kuri ibi bipimo.
Ibibazo
Nibihe bikorwa byibanze byimashini isya?
Imashini ya crusher yamenagura cyane amabuye manini mo uduce duto, dushobora gucungwa. Babaye indashyikirwa mu kumena ibikoresho bikomeye nka granite, hekeste, n'amabuye y'agaciro, bigatuma biba ngombwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubwubatsi.
Nigute nahitamo igikonjo cyiburyo gikenewe kubyo nkeneye?
Reba ibintu nko guhonyora ubushobozi, ingano y'ibiryo, n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho. Suzuma ibyifuzo byawe byihariye bisabwa hanyuma uhitemo icyitegererezo gihuza intego zumusaruro nuburyo bukora.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubungabunga nkwiye gukurikiza kubasunika?
Buri gihe ugenzure ibice byambara, urebe neza amavuta meza, kandi usukure imashini kugirango wirinde imyanda. Teganya gahunda isanzwe kugirango ukemure ibibazo bishobora kuba mbere yuko byiyongera.
Ese ibice byabigenewe byoroshye kuboneka kumasaya?
Nibyo, abahinguzi benshi bazwi batanga intera nini yibice. Kugera byihuse kuri ibi bice bigabanya igihe cyo hasi kandi bigakora ibikorwa neza, bizamura umusaruro muri rusange.
Nigute nshobora kunoza imikorere yingufu zanjye?
Hindura ibipimo bikora, nko guhindura umuvuduko wo guhonyora no kugaburira ibiryo. Kubungabunga buri gihe no gukoresha moderi ikora neza birashobora kandi kugabanya cyane gukoresha ingufu nigiciro cyibikorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-15-2025