Ibisobanuro
Kugirango ubyare umusaruro wohejuru wibicuruzwa byanyuma mugiciro gito hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse kandi bwizewe, ugomba guhitamo ibice byambarwa byateganijwe kubikorwa byawe byo guhonyora. Ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma nkibi bikurikira:
1. Ubwoko bwamabuye cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro agomba guhonyorwa.
2. Ingano yibikoresho, ibipimo by'amazi hamwe na Mohs urwego rukomeye.
3. Ibikoresho nubuzima bwibisumizi byakoreshejwe mbere.
Muri rusange, kwihanganira kwambara (cyangwa ubukana) bwibikoresho byometse ku rukuta ibikoresho birinda byanze bikunze bizagabanya ingaruka zabyo (cyangwa gukomera). Uburyo bwo gushira ibibumbano mubikoresho bya matrix birashobora kongera cyane imyambarire idahuye ningaruka zabyo.
Icyuma kinini cya Manganese
Ibyuma bya manganese birebire ni ibintu birwanya kwambara kandi bifite amateka maremare kandi byakoreshejwe cyane mu gusya. Icyuma kinini cya manganese gifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ingaruka. Kurwanya kwambara mubisanzwe bifitanye isano numuvuduko n'ingaruka hejuru yacyo. Iyo ingaruka nini zashyizwe mubikorwa, imiterere ya austenite hejuru irashobora gukomera kuri HRC50 cyangwa irenga.
Inyundo ndende ya manganese isanzwe irasabwa gusa guhonyora hamwe nibikoresho byubunini bwibiryo binini kandi bikomeye.
Ibigize imiti yicyuma kinini cya manganese
| Ibikoresho | Ibigize imiti | Umutungo wa Machanical | ||||
| Mn% | Cr% | C% | Si% | Ak / cm | HB | |
| Mn14 | 12-14 | 1.7-2.2 | 1.15-1.25 | 0.3-0.6 | > 140 | 180-220 |
| Mn15 | 14-16 | 1.7-2.2 | 1.15-1.30 | 0.3-0.6 | > 140 | 180-220 |
| Mn18 | 16-19 | 1.8-2.5 | 1.15-1.30 | 0.3-0.8 | > 140 | 190-240 |
| Mn22 | 20-22 | 1.8-2.5 | 1.10-1.40 | 0.3-0.8 | > 140 | 190-240 |
Microstructure yicyuma kinini cya manganese
Icyuma cya Martensitike
Imiterere ya Martensite ikorwa no gukonjesha byihuse ibyuma bya karubone byuzuye. Atome ya karubone irashobora gukwirakwira muri martensite gusa mugihe cyo gukonjesha byihuse nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe. Icyuma cya Martensitis gifite ubukana burenze icyuma cya manganese, ariko ingaruka zacyo ziragabanuka. Gukomera kwicyuma cya martensitike kiri hagati ya HRC46-56. Ukurikije iyi miterere, ibyuma bya martensitike birasabwa muri rusange guhonyora porogaramu aho usanga ingaruka nkeya ariko birwanya kwambara cyane.
Microstructure yicyuma cya martensitike
Chromium Yuma Yera
Muri chromium ndende yicyuma cyera, karubone ihujwe na chromium muburyo bwa chromium karbide. Icyuma kinini cya chromium cyera gifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara. Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, ubukana bwayo burashobora kugera kuri 60-64HRC, ariko ingaruka zayo ziragabanuka. Ugereranije nicyuma kinini cya manganese hamwe nicyuma cya martensitike, icyuma kinini cya chromium cyuma gifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara, ariko kurwanya ingaruka nacyo ni gito.
Muri chromium ndende yicyuma cyera, karubone ihujwe na chromium muburyo bwa chromium karbide. Icyuma kinini cya chromium cyera gifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara. Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, ubukana bwayo burashobora kugera kuri 60-64HRC, ariko ingaruka zayo ziragabanuka. Ugereranije nicyuma kinini cya manganese hamwe nicyuma cya martensitike, icyuma kinini cya chromium cyuma gifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara, ariko kurwanya ingaruka nacyo ni gito.
Ibigize imiti ya chromium ndende yicyuma cyera
| ASTM A532 | Ibisobanuro | C | Mn | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo | |
| I | A | Ni-Cr-Hc | 2.8-3.6 | 2.0 Mak | 0.8 Byinshi | 3.3-5.0 | 1.4-4.0 | 1.0 Mak |
| I | B | Ni-Cr-Lc | 2.4-3.0 | 2.0 Mak | 0.8 Byinshi | 3.3-5.0 | 1.4-4.0 | 1.0 Mak |
| I | C | Ni-Cr-GB | 2.5-3.7 | 2.0 Mak | 0.8 Byinshi | 4.0 Mak | 1.0-2.5 | 1.0 Mak |
| I | D | Ni-HiCr | 2.5-3.6 | 2.0 Mak | 2.0 Mak | 4.5-7.0 | 7.0-11.0 | 1.5 Mak |
| II | A | 12Cr | 2.0-3.3 | 2.0 Mak | 1.5 Mak | 0.40-0.60 | 11.0-14.0 | 3.0 Mak |
| II | B | 15CrMo | 2.0-3.3 | 2.0 Mak | 1.5 Mak | 0.80-1.20 | 14.0-18.0 | 3.0 Mak |
| II | D | 20CrMo | 2.8-3.3 | 2.0 Mak | 1.0-2.2 | 0.80-1.20 | 18.0-23.0 | 3.0 Mak |
| III | A | 25Cr | 2.8-3.3 | 2.0 Mak | 1.5 Mak | 0.40-0.60 | 23.0-30.0 | 3.0 Mak |
Microstructure ya Chromium Yinshi Icyuma Cyera
Ceramic-Metal Composite Material (CMC)
CMC ni ibikoresho birwanya kwambara bihuza ubukana bwiza bwibikoresho byuma (ibyuma bya martensitike cyangwa ibyuma byinshi bya chromium) hamwe nubukomezi bukabije bwubukorikori bwinganda. Ibice bya ceramic bifite ubunini bwihariye bivurwa byumwihariko kugirango bibe umubiri wuzuye wibumba ceramic. Icyuma gishongeshejwe cyinjira rwose hagati yimiterere yububiko bwa ceramic mugihe cyo gutara kandi gihuza neza nuduce twibumba.
Igishushanyo kirashobora kunoza neza imikorere yo kurwanya kwambara mumaso ikora; icyarimwe, umubiri wingenzi wikubitiro cyangwa inyundo biracyakorwa mubyuma kugirango bikore neza, bikemure neza kwivuguruza hagati yo kurwanya kwambara no kurwanya ingaruka, kandi birashobora guhuzwa nibikorwa bitandukanye. Ifungura umurima mushya wo gutoranya ibice byambaye imyenda myinshi kubantu benshi bakoresha, kandi bigatanga inyungu nziza mubukungu.
a.Icyuma cya Mensensitike + Ceramic
Ugereranije n'akabuto gasanzwe ka martensitike, inyundo ya ceramic ya martensitike ifite ubukana bwinshi hejuru yimyambarire yayo, ariko ingaruka zo guhangana ninyundo ntizagabanuka. Mubikorwa byakazi, martensitike ceramic blow bar irashobora kuba umusimbura mwiza mubisabwa kandi mubisanzwe irashobora kubona inshuro hafi 2 cyangwa igihe kirekire cyakazi.
b.Uburebure bwa Chromium Icyuma cyera + Ceramic
Nubwo ibyuma bisanzwe bya chromium byuma bimaze kuba birwanya kwambara cyane, mugihe ujanjagura ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi cyane nka granite, utubari twinshi twirinda kwambara dukoreshwa kugirango twongere ubuzima bwabo bwakazi. Muri iki gihe, icyuma kinini cya chromium gishyiramo icyuma cyinjijwemo ceramic blow bar ni igisubizo cyiza. Bitewe no gushiramo ububumbyi, ubukana bwimyenda yo hejuru yinyundo iragenda bwiyongera, kandi imyambarire yabwo iratera imbere kuburyo bugaragara, mubisanzwe inshuro 2 cyangwa igihe kirekire cyakazi kuruta icyuma gisanzwe cya chromium.
Ibyiza bya Ceramic-Metal Composite Material (CMC)
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(3) Igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye, umurongo wo kwambara ushyira mu gaciro;
(4) Kuramba kuramba hamwe ninyungu zubukungu.
Ibicuruzwa
| Ikirangantego | Imashini yerekana imashini |
| Metso | LT-NP 1007 |
| LT-NP 1110 | |
| LT-NP 1213 | |
| LT-NP 1315/1415 | |
| LT-NP 1520/1620 | |
| Hazemag | 1022 |
| 1313 | |
| 1320 | |
| 1515 | |
| 791 | |
| 789 | |
| Sandvik | QI341 (QI240) |
| QI441 (QI440) | |
| QI340 (I-C13) | |
| CI124 | |
| CI224 | |
| Kleemann | MR110 EVO |
| MR130 EVO | |
| MR100Z | |
| MR122Z | |
| Terex Pegson | XH250 (CR004-012-001) |
| XH320-shyashya | |
| XH320-imyaka | |
| 1412 (XH500) | |
| 428 Tracpactor 4242 (300 hejuru) | |
| Amashanyarazi | Trackpactor 320 |
| Terex Kurangiza | I-100 |
| I-110 | |
| I-120 | |
| I-130 | |
| I-140 | |
| Rubblemaster | RM60 |
| RM70 | |
| RM80 | |
| Amafaranga 100 | |
| RM120 | |
| Tesab | RK-623 |
| RK-1012 | |
| Extec | C13 |
| Telsmith | 6060 |
| Keestrack | R3 |
| R5 | |
| McCloskey | I44 |
| I54 | |
| Lippmann | 4248 |
| Inkona | 1400 |
| 1200 | |
| Rutahizamu | 907 |
| 1112/1312 -100mm | |
| 1112/1312 -120mm | |
| 1315 | |
| Kumbee | No1 |
| No2 | |
| Shanghai Shanbao | PF-1010 |
| PF-1210 | |
| PF-1214 | |
| PF-1315 | |
| SBM / Henan Liming / Shanghai Zenith | PF-1010 |
| PF-1210 | |
| PF-1214 | |
| PF-1315 | |
| PFW-1214 | |
| PFW-1315 |